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COAGULANT SELECTION GUIDE
What Is the Difference Between PFC and PAC?
PFC (polyferric chloride) is an iron-based coagulant, while PAC (polyaluminium chloride) is aluminium-based. Both support the removal of suspended solids, turbidity and certain contaminants through coagulation and floc formation; selection and dosage require water analysis and jar testing.
Direct answer
PFC (polyferric chloride) is an iron-based coagulant, while PAC (polyaluminium chloride) is aluminium-based. Both support the removal of suspended solids, turbidity and certain contaminants through coagulation and floc formation; selection and dosage require water analysis and jar testing.
Technical review: MDES Engineering Technical TeamUpdated: 2026-08-05
How does PFC work?
PFC forms iron-based hydrolysis species that neutralize colloidal charge and support floc formation. It can offer a cost advantage in some wastewaters, while colour, pH and sludge effects require field verification.
How does PAC work?
PAC contains pre-polymerized aluminium species and is used across a broad range of waters. Depending on raw-water characteristics, it can support low-turbidity treatment, colour removal and settling.
Which is more economical?
Unit price alone is insufficient. Required dose, pH correction, polymer use, sludge production, dewatering and disposal must be combined to calculate cost per unit of treated water.
General comparison
| Item | PFC | PAC |
|---|---|---|
| Base metal | Iron | Aluminium |
| Main function | Coagulation/floc support | Coagulation/floc support |
| Selection | Jar test | Jar test |
| Cost | Dose and total operating cost | Dose and total operating cost |
Key points
- PFC and PAC can target the same treatment stage.
- Their chemistry and field behaviour differ.
- Optimize total treatment cost, not purchase price alone.
- Confirm dose by analysis and jar test.
Frequently asked technical questions
Can PFC replace PAC?
In some waters yes, but it should not be substituted dose-for-dose without jar and field testing.
Is PFC always cheaper than PAC?
Its purchase price may be lower, but true economy depends on dose, pH, polymer, sludge and disposal.
Is coagulant dose constant?
No. Turbidity, organics, pH, temperature and flow changes can change the optimum dose.
Which information is required for a water-treatment chemical quotation?
Provide the water analysis, flow rate, process objective, existing system, pH and temperature, observed problem, daily consumption or dosage, packaging requirement and delivery location. Product and dosage selection must be verified using the technical data sheet, SDS and, where required, field trials.
Technical references
- Current water analysis and site conditions
- Jar testing, product data sheet and SDS
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